CV Help
Your CV (curriculum vitae) creates the first impressions a prospective employer has of you, and if it does not succeed in translating your skills and personality, it will also be the last.
Writing a CV can be a controversial subject; if you ask any two people their idea of a perfect CV you will invariably get two totally different responses, we have therefore provided you with suggestions, examples and help to arm you with the best CV possible.
- AIM OF YOUR CV
- GETTING STARTED
- PRESENTATION
- CV SECTIONS
- GAPS IN CHRONOLOGY
- KEEPING YOUR CV UP TO DATE
- EMAIL APPLICATIONS
- EXAMPLE CVs
Firstly, always remember that your CV is a sales and marketing tool. It is your advert that documents your experience and skills with the all-important objective of getting an interview. It has to:
- Highlight the skills and experience that make you a suitable candidate for the job
- Interest the reader enough to want to know more and therefore invite you for interview
- But you must not overload your CV with too much information.
There are a few basic rules to follow that almost every personnel professional agrees on.
Your CV should be:
- Well presented
- Interesting
- Quick and easy to read
- Truthful (It is our advice that you should never be tempted to lie on a CV)
Your CV will continue to work as a sales and marketing tool even if you get an interview. It can direct the interviewer(s) towards your achievements and skills prior to, and during the interview. It is also very likely that the interviewer will make notes on your CV during the interview and reread your CV and their notes before deciding who to appoint. If your CV suitably highlights the skills and experience they are looking for it could help you move on to the second stage or even get the job.
Before writing you CV you need to decide which format will best represent you in the job market.
There are 4 main CV formats:
If you are in education, or have recently left education, then you may also wish to consider:
Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The Performance CV is the best option for most people, however if you are seeking to change career or find that a Performance CV is not suitable for any other reason then you may wish to consider the Functional CV or Targeted CV.
Remember you can change the order of sections and include or exclude any sections as you feel will best work for you. These CV's are just design suggestions to help you.
For advice on how to write each of the sections in the CV please see CV Sections.
In this format emphasis is placed on employment history, including job titles, companies, responsibilities and achievements in a professional capacity.
This CV is most useful for those who:
- Are seeking employment within the same field as previous experience
- Want to highlight their professional achievements such as promotions
- Want the names of their employers and their duties to be clearly evidenced
It is not suitable if:
- You want a change in career
- You have frequently changed employer or not stayed in a job for a great period of time
- You have been out of work for periods of time for any reason
- Your achievements are not in line with the career you wish to pursue now
What to include:
- Profile
3 to 6 functional headings.
Select headings that are appropriate to the new position you are applying for
You should have 2 to 5 bullet points under each heading evidencing your experience and skills - Achievements
- Employment history
- Professional Qualifications and Training
- Education and Qualifications
- Personal Details
- Hobbies and Interests
To see an example of a Performance CV click here
This format picks out your responsibilities and achievements across your whole career. Individual employers are less important as the emphasis lies on the skills gained in general.
This CV is most suitable for those who:
- are planning to change career or direction.
- want to emphasis skills that were not utilised in their most recent jobs.
- have had a large number of jobs, perhaps in different fields, and wish to describe skills and experience across their career as a whole.
- want to include voluntary/unpaid employment.
- have been out of work for periods of time for any reason.
It is not suitable if:
- you want to highlight achievements and career growth in a particular job.
- you have been doing similar work and therefore have few varied skills to pick out.
What to include:
- Profile
3 to 6 functional headings.
Select headings that are appropriate to the new position you are applying for
You should have 2 to 5 bullet points under each heading evidencing your experience and skills - Professional Qualifications and Training
- Education and Qualifications
- Personal Details
- Hobbies and Interests
To see an example of a Functional CV click here
This CV highlights skills and experience most suitable to a specific job target. It is appropriate for those trying to make a decisive career change.
This CV is most suitable for those who:
- Are planning to change career or direction
- Want to emphasise skills that were not utilised in their most recent jobs
- Have had a large number of jobs, perhaps in different fields, and wish to describe skills and experience across their career as a whole
- Want to include voluntary/unpaid employment
- Have been out of work for periods of time for any reason
- Have several different job targets and need to create a distinctive CV for each one
It is not suitable if:
- You want to highlight achievements and career growth in a particular job
What to include:
- Profile
- Key Skills - select skills that are appropriate to the new position you are applying for
- Achievements
- Employment History
- Education and Qualifications
A targeted CV is best kept on one sheet of A4.
To see an example of a Targeted CV click here
This CV is only suitable for creative careers, e.g. writing, advertising, fashion design.
This format is a huge gamble. The basic idea is to create a totally original idea that reflects the nature of the career you are applying for, e.g. for Advertising creating an advert with the applicant as the product.
The purpose of this type of CV is to demonstrate talent and creativity using the design of the CV itself. It can be an excellent way to stand out from the crowd, but if the employer doesn't share your creative vision then it could backfire immensely.
The main purpose of this CV is to highlight your academic achievements and any activities or vacation work you have been involved in that is appropriate to the job you are applying for.
It is suitable for those who:
- Have recently left education
- Are applying for their first full-time job
- Wish to include vacation and part-time work
It is not suitable if:
- You want to focus on previous employment
- You have not completed a course and therefore not attained the qualification
What to include:
- Profile
- Achievements - at this stage in your career you may not have any achievements that would suitably be included in this section so you may wish to leave it out.
- Education and Qualifications - you may wish to list modules that you studied as part of your degree that are particularly relevant to the job you are applying for.
- Work Experience
- Employment History
- Personal Details
- Hobbies and Interests
- References
To see an example of a Student/Graduate CV click here
Presentation is one of the most important things to consider when writing a CV. Your CV needs to attract the reader's attention and make information quick and easy to find.
- Always type your CV
- Always use a word processor. Never use a typewriter as you will look old-fashioned and out of date
- Use a clear font such as Arial, stick to 10-12pt
- Stick to bright white paper
- Use a good quality printer such as a laser printer
- Use plenty of 'white space'
- Keep paragraphs short
- Make you sentences short and punchy
- Use appropriate headings and section breaks
- Use bold for headings - lots of underlining and italics can look distracting
- Use bullet points to break up the text under headings
Your CV should be a maximum of 2 pages of A4. A CV will only get about 2 minutes reading on a first trawl, you need your skills and experience to stand out and not get lost in a lot of waffle. The employer needs just enough information to decide whether to interview you or not.
Below is a list of sections that you can include in your CV. Check against you selected format and the example CVs below to decide which are the most appropriate for you.
Remember you don't have to stick rigidly to your selected format. There is no right or wrong way, just the way that best works for you. Here are suggestions of some or all of the headings that we advise should be included:
- Personal Details
- Education and Qualifications
- Employment History
- Professional Qualifications and Training
- Work Experience/Unpaid Employment
- Other Relevant Experience/Skills
- IT Skills
- Languages
- Hobbies and Interests
- References
- Profile
- Key Skills
You do not have to include pictures unless specifically asked to do so.
- Name
- Address
- Contact telephone numbers (home, work, mobile)
- Date of Birth
- Driving License and whether it is clean
- Nationality (if you are applying abroad)
It is unnecessary to put marital status and gender.
List you education and qualifications in reverse chronological order (the most recent first), including grades and dates. For example:
- BSc (Hons) Physics, 2.2, University of Birmingham, 1997-2000
- GCE A Levels: Physics (A), Chemistry (A), Maths (A), Hertfordshire School, 1995-1997
- GCSEs: Physics (A), Chemistry (A), Maths (A), Biology (B), English (B), Geography (B), French (B), History (C), Hertfordshire School, 1993-1995
It is unnecessary to put:
Individual subjects studied at GCSE if you have gone on to obtain a degree, just listing the number and grades achieved will be sufficient
- University and school addresses
- A Level and GCSE exam boards
- Minor qualifications, you can list these elsewhere
You may wish to list modules that you studied as part of your university degree if they are particularly relevant to the position you are applying for.
Concentrate on your two most recent jobs as these are the ones the employer will be most interested in.
Start with you most recent position. You should include:
- Your job title (e.g. Manager, Supervisor etc.)
- The job title of the person you reported to
- The dates of you employment
- The name of the company
- A brief description of the service provided by the company
- Your main responsibilities, achievements, duties and skills
Remember to give examples to back up skills and experience. Choose examples that are most appropriate to the new position you are applying for.
Professional Qualifications and Training
If you have any other relevant qualifications or qualifications you gained while in employment that are relevant to the new position then list these in a separate section.
- List all professional qualifications
- Membership to any professional bodies and professional ID numbers
- Work related training courses
- Company courses
Work Experience / Unpaid Employment
This will be particularly important if you are at the beginning of your career and don't have an extensive employment history yet.
If you have done work experience in a company that has a similar service or product to that which you are applying for:
- Explain your responsibilities
- Detail skills and knowledge that you acquired
Other Relevant Experience/Skills
Again this will be most important to those who have not been working for very long.
Include:
- Part-time jobs
- Vacation work
- Charity work, but only if it is relevant to the position you are applying for, otherwise include this in the Hobbies and Interests section
- Any other appropriate skills you have acquired through means other than academic work or employment
- Membership of student committees, organising social events, involvement in the wider community, etc. You could put these under a separate "Responsibilities" heading if appropriate.
IT skills are becoming increasingly important in almost every job and workplace so it is a good idea to list any skills that you have in a separate section:
- Make and type of equipment you are familiar with
- Software and operating system used (e.g. Microsoft Office, Microsoft Windows XP etc.)
- Typing speed (in words per minute, you would normally be tested for this when registering with a recruitment agency)
If it is appropriate to the job for which you are applying then list your skills in any foreign languages. State whether they are written, spoken business or technical and indicate your level of fluency, for example: fluent, good working knowledge, etc.
Not everyone agrees on whether hobbies and interests should be included on a CV. Some argue that it just uses up valuable space and the fact that you starred in the Marlow Amateur Dramatics Society production of 'Evita' has very little bearing on your ability to perform well in the given position. On the other hand others say that your interests say a lot about your personality and how you might fit into the company.
If you do decide to include your hobbies and interests:
- Be specific, don't just say "drama" or "football" include more information e.g. I am a keen footballer and play regularly for my local Sunday league team
- List any positions of responsibility you hold or held in a club or organisation
- Explain your achievements and any relevant skills gained
There is no need to name references on your CV merely state that "references are available on request".
But you should decide before you send your CV who will act as your references and obtain their permission.
If you are writing a Student/Graduate CV you should aim for one academic and one other referee. These should be included on your CV
This often appears at the beginning of a CV. It summarises experience, skills and ambitions. A profile is most appropriate for people in mid-career, however anyone can use one and it is a good way to attract the attention of the reader and explain straightaway what it is that you are capable of and what you are looking for in a career.
Your Profile should be contained within four to six lines and only list those skills that are appropriate to your next employer.
For example:
Highly motivated Office Manager with five years experience in administration. Able to work on own initiative and as part of a team. Proven leadership and communication skills, involving organising, managing and developing office administration team to achieve their objectives. Exceptional computer, writing and numeracy skills.
Again it is not necessary to include a Key Skills section unless you feel that it is particularly appropriate. You can use your covering letter to draw together your capabilities that are evidenced across your employment history, experience etc.
However, a Key Skills section can reinforce to the employer your suitability and capability for the position and may increase your chances of being invited to interview.
If you do include a Key Skills section:
- Choose 4 or 5 key skills
- Make sure that they are appropriate to the position for which you are applying
- Explain each one briefly providing practical examples
- Be careful not to oversell yourself
Remember when writing your CV that missing months (or even years) may be viewed with suspicion by a potential employer. If you have taken a career break for any reason, for traveling or to bring up a family for example, then remember to include it.
Through the course of a year, be it in study, recreation or employment, you will experience a variety of new things and acquire many new skills. It is much easier to take a little time to update your CV every month rather than trying to remember what training you did on one day eight months ago. Preparing you CV will always be easier if you are updating and tailoring an existing CV rather than starting from scratch!
Applying for a job by email is one of the fastest and most effective ways to send a CV. But there are a few things to bear in mind before you press ‘Send’.
Make sure that you have a professional sounding email address, dirtyhotpants@spankme.com may sound impressive to your friends but it is unlikely to receive the same positive response from a potential employer
- It is well worth creating a more serious address, even if it only for the purpose of applications.
- In the subject line of your email clearly state that it is an application and which position you are applying for. This means that your email can be more quickly and effectively dealt with.
- Be careful not to adopt too personal a tone in your email. Remember that you are making a professional application and your tone should reflect that.
- Make sure attachments are easily accessible. Stick to .txt or .doc (Notepad or MS Word) formats to ensure that your CV can be received and readable.
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Michael Jacob Smith 34 Hedge Road, Crossley Profile:
Achievements:
Employment history: 1996 - pres.
Grayson UK Ltd
Senior Business Development Manager
1994 - 1996
Business Development Manager
Professional qualifications:
Education and qualifications:
Personal details:
Hobbies and interests:
References are available upon request. |
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RACHEL LEAH WINTER 34 Hedge Road, Crossley PROFILE: A hard working and committed administrator with experience in all aspects of Human Resources. Able to use own initiative and work as part of a team. An effective communicator with an excellent telephone manner. Proactive in identifying opportunities for improving processes. Ability to work accurately and competently under pressure. Computer literate. ADMINISTRATION:
REWARD MANAGEMENT:
TRAINING:
EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS:
PERSONAL DETAILS:
REFERENCES
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John Madison 131 Dawley Road, Five Oaks PROFILE: A self-motivated Sales Executive with a wide range of experience in electronics and manufacturing. Able to work on own initiative or as part of a team. Proven leadership skills, including managing and motivating teams to achieve company objectives and targets. Extensive knowledge of financial implications of developing technologies and techniques. KEY SKILLS:
ACHIEVEMENTS:
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY: 1997 - pres.
Crespo Manufacturing Ltd
1993 - 1997
Titan Technology
EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS:
PERSONAL DETAILS: Date of Birth: 1st December 1969 |
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ELEANOR TAYLOR 76 Farthing Avenue, Oxhey PROFILE: A Business and German graduate who is keen to find a position in an accountancy firm. Hardworking and reliable with excellent interpersonal skills. Ability to quickly assimilate information and practically apply in a variety of situations. Fluent in English and German and numerate with excellent IT skills. Able to work individually or as part of a team. EDUCATION & QUALIFICATIONS 2000 - 2003
BA 1st in Business and German (Joint Honours), University of Manchester
Subjects studied:
1998 - 2000
A levels: Business Studies (A), German (A), Maths (B), Oxhey School for Girls
1996 - 1998
GCSEs: 1 grade A*, 7 grade A, 2 grade B
LANGUAGES German: Fluent written, spoken and business WORK EXPERIENCE Summer 2002 Hurst and Smith Inc.
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY 2000 - 2002
TaraGirl - Sales Assistant (Part-time)
PERSONAL DETAILS Date of birth: 13th May 1982 Driving License: Full, clean HOBBIES AND INTERESTS Abseiling and rock climbing - Treasurer of ROCK, the University of Manchester Climbing Society Netball - Vice Captain of the university Second Team REFERENCES Dr Marvin Smythe, Telephone : xxxxx 239364 Mr Julian Hurst, Telephone : xxxxx 384687 |
